Which philosopher is known for the concept of checks and balances?

Montesquieu is recognized for the concept of checks and balances, which he articulated in his influential work, "The Spirit of the Laws." In this text, he analyzed various forms of government and emphasized the importance of dividing political power among different branches to prevent any single entity from becoming too powerful. Montesquieu proposed that a government's authority should be separated into three distinct branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. This separation was intended to create a system where each branch could exert control over the others, ensuring that power remained balanced and the rights of individuals were protected. Montesquieu's ideas significantly influenced the development of modern democratic systems, especially the U.S. Constitution, which incorporates similar principles of checks and balances to maintain a stable and just government.