How did the Enlightenment impact public discourse?

The Enlightenment significantly impacted public discourse by promoting the exchange of ideas among the general populace. This intellectual movement, which emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority. Thinkers such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke advocated for freedoms such as speech and expression, which encouraged a vibrant public sphere where diverse ideas and opinions could be shared and debated.

The proliferation of printed materials, including pamphlets, books, and newspapers, made information more accessible to a wider audience, allowing people outside the elite classes to engage in discussions about politics, philosophy, science, and society. Salons and coffeehouses became venues for lively debates, fostering an environment where citizens felt empowered to express their thoughts and challenge existing norms. This democratization of knowledge was crucial in shaping modern democratic ideals and promoting civic engagement.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect the Enlightenment's core objectives or effects. Restricting discussions to elite classes, encouraging censorship, and discouraging written communication run counter to the foundational beliefs of the Enlightenment, which sought to liberate knowledge and promote critical thought across all social strata.