What economic and government system was developed by Karl Marx in the 19th century?

The system developed by Karl Marx in the 19th century is communism. Communism is an ideology that advocates for a classless society in which all means of production are owned collectively, and private property is abolished. Marx envisioned a society where the working class, or proletariat, would overthrow the capitalist class, or bourgeoisie, leading to a state of production that would be distributed equally among all individuals.

Marx’s writings, particularly "The Communist Manifesto," articulate the principles of communism, emphasizing the struggle between classes and the need for a revolutionary transformation of society. His theories have had a profound impact on various social and political movements throughout history.

In contrast to other economic and government systems, communism seeks to eliminate class distinctions and promote communal ownership, which sets it apart from capitalism, socialism, and fascism. While socialism can involve collective ownership and can coexist with certain democratic structures, communism takes a more extreme approach by seeking to abolish all forms of private ownership entirely. This distinction is key in understanding Marx's specific contributions to economic theory and political philosophy.