What was the main focus of John Locke's political philosophy?

John Locke's political philosophy centered on the belief in natural rights, which are fundamental rights that every individual possesses simply by being human. Locke argued that these natural rights include life, liberty, and property. According to his ideas, the primary role of government is to protect these rights, and this protection establishes the legitimacy of government authority. Locke asserted that any government must be based on the consent of the governed, making it a social contract where the people agree to form a government that will protect their rights. If a government fails to uphold this duty, Locke believed that citizens have the right to revolt and establish a new government.

This focus on natural rights and the protective role of government is a cornerstone of liberal political thought and has had a profound influence on modern democratic principles. The other options do not align with Locke's philosophy: he explicitly rejected the notion of absolute monarchy and divine right, advocated for governance based on consent rather than military rule, and did not support religious wars, focusing instead on individual rights and freedoms.