Which philosopher is known for reintroducing rationalism to Europe in the 17th century?

Rene Descartes is recognized for reintroducing rationalism to Europe during the 17th century through his philosophical methodologies and ideas. He emphasized the use of reason as the primary source of knowledge and famously stated, "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"), which underlines the importance of doubt and questioning in the pursuit of truth. Descartes' works, particularly "Meditations on First Philosophy," laid foundational principles for modern philosophy, advocating for a clear and logical approach to understanding existence and knowledge. His emphasis on deductive reasoning and the search for certainty in knowledge significantly influenced the development of rational thought in Europe.

In contrast, John Locke's contributions were pivotal in developing empiricism rather than rationalism; Voltaire's focus was more on social and political commentary, and David Hume is known for his skepticism and empiricist approach rather than reintroducing rational thought.