Which philosopher wrote The Persian Letters, reflecting on government and society?

The correct answer is Montesquieu, who authored "The Persian Letters," a significant work that critiques contemporary society and politics through a satirical lens. Written in 1721, the book takes the form of fictional letters from Persian travelers, providing an outsider's perspective on French society and governance. This narrative style allows Montesquieu to explore themes of cultural relativism, the nature of power, and the importance of individual liberty, effectively highlighting the discrepancies and issues within European society at the time.

Montesquieu's work is a precursor to his later theories about the separation of powers, which became foundational to modern democratic governance. His approach in "The Persian Letters" underscores the impact of societal structures on individual life and government, making a lasting contribution to political philosophy and Enlightenment thought. By using satire and the device of foreign perspectives, Montesquieu invites readers to reevaluate their own cultural practices and political systems, provoking thought about the nature of authority, justice, and the role of citizens in governance.