Which series of ideas helped spark many revolutions during the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment principles are considered the foundation that inspired numerous revolutions during the Enlightenment period due to their emphasis on reason, individual rights, liberty, and the importance of government being accountable to the people. Philosophers like John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire articulated ideas about democracy, social contracts, and human rights, which encouraged people to challenge existing authority and seek reforms.

These principles laid the groundwork for revolutionary thoughts, leading to significant historical events such as the American Revolution and the French Revolution. The ideas about equality and the idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed rallied people to fight for their rights and freedoms. In contrast, while utilitarianism and empiricism contributed to philosophical debates, they did not directly motivate revolutionary movements to the same extent. Fascism, on the other hand, arose in a much later context and stands in stark opposition to the core tenets of Enlightenment thought.