Who was Frederick the Great?

Frederick the Great was indeed an influential king of Prussia, recognized for his military prowess and various reforms during his reign in the 18th century. His leadership during the Silesian Wars, particularly the Seven Years' War, showcased his military strategies and extensive reforms that modernized the Prussian state. These included improvements in the army, bureaucracy, and economic policy, establishing Prussia as a major European power.

Frederick was also known for his enlightened views, promoting education and religious tolerance, which reflected the ideals of the Enlightenment. He corresponded with key Enlightenment figures, advocating for rational legal systems and civil liberties, demonstrating a blend of authoritarian rule with progressive thought.

The other options highlight different historical figures and contributions that do not pertain to Frederick the Great. A philosopher criticizing absolute monarchy refers to figures like Voltaire or Rousseau, while the first king of a unified Germany was Otto von Bismarck. The mention of a prominent scientist in physics does not align with Frederick's contributions; such a role would better define scientists like Isaac Newton or Albert Einstein.